Mosque of Amr Ibn El-As
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| Mosque of Amr Ibn Al-As |
In he center of Al Futat was the mosque which later on was named "The
Mosque of Amr" It was surrounded by the plans and houses of Al Fustat.
Originally the mosque was overlooking the Nile from the Northwest side .
The
mosque was built on the site of the tent of Amr Ibn al -As in Fustat ,
the oldest existing mosque, not just in Cairo, but the entire African
continent. Located
north of the Roman fortress of Babylon , it is actually on the edge of
Fustat , the temporary city founded by Amr , and was a center of Islamic
teaching, long before El -Azhar mosque. It could accommodate up to 5,000 students.The mosque was built on an area of 1500 square cubits, overlooking the Nile . The
original structure was quite simple, with bare walls of any plaster or
decorations , but without recess (miharb), minaret or ground cover. There were two doors on the north and two facing the house Amr.
The mosque area remained unchanged until 672 AD ( 53 AH) , when Musallama al- Ansari, the ruler of Egypt on behalf of Caliph Mu'awiya Ibn Abi - Sufian undertook the expansion and renovation of the mosque. Walls and ceilings were decorated and four compartments for " muezzins " (callers to prayer ) were added in the corners , with a minaret , while the mosque floor was covered with straw mats.
The mosque area remained unchanged until 672 AD ( 53 AH) , when Musallama al- Ansari, the ruler of Egypt on behalf of Caliph Mu'awiya Ibn Abi - Sufian undertook the expansion and renovation of the mosque. Walls and ceilings were decorated and four compartments for " muezzins " (callers to prayer ) were added in the corners , with a minaret , while the mosque floor was covered with straw mats.
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| The inside of the Mosque of Amr Ibn El- Aas |
Although originally a small structure was destroyed and restored so often that it is impossible to know the appearance of the first building. The Umayyad ʿ Abd al-ʿ Aziz ibn Marwan demolished and rebuilt the mosque, probably closely following the original dimensions in 698. In 827 the Abbasids ofʿ rebuilt, doubling its size. The mosque was restored by Saladin in 1172 after the city of al-Fustat was burnt by the Crusaders. After periodic cycles of ruin and restoration, the mosque was left to rot with the arrival of the troops of Napoleon Bonaparte in Cairo in 1798. The mosque is a reconstruction of the 19th century and retains design elements and ornaments from different eras in the history of the building work.
Under the Abbasid state , successive additions and repairs were introduced. In 827 AD ( 212 AH) , Abdullah Ibn Taher , the ruler of Egypt on behalf of the caliph al- Ma'mun ordered an area equivalent to the north to be added to the mosque , bringing its total area to its current level of 13,556,25 square meters. ( 112.3 x 120.5m ) . However, the Fatimid period This was the golden era of the mosque, where golden mosaics , works in marble, a wooden cupboard and a chair in motion have been introduced and some of the niche was coated with silver .
Under the Abbasid state , successive additions and repairs were introduced. In 827 AD ( 212 AH) , Abdullah Ibn Taher , the ruler of Egypt on behalf of the caliph al- Ma'mun ordered an area equivalent to the north to be added to the mosque , bringing its total area to its current level of 13,556,25 square meters. ( 112.3 x 120.5m ) . However, the Fatimid period This was the golden era of the mosque, where golden mosaics , works in marble, a wooden cupboard and a chair in motion have been introduced and some of the niche was coated with silver .
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| Panorama of the Mosque of Amr Ibn El- Aas |
Recent
structural changes in the Amr Mosque were made during the reign of
Murad Bey in the Ottoman era , in 1797 AD ( 1212 AD) . Due to the collapse of some columns inside the mosque was demolished and rebuilt. As a result, the arcades of the East have been repositioned so as to be perpendicular to the mihrab wall . Consequently, the arcs have been extended through the windows. Two minarets were built and still exist .
Amr Mosque was not only a place of worship but also served as a court settlement of civil and religious disputes. In addition, academic circles have been organized either for general religious preaching or teaching in Quranic sciences, jurisprudence and the Tradition of the Prophet Muhammad ( Hadith ) as well as letters lessons.
The mosque incorporates elements of Greek and Roman buildings, and has 150 white marble columns and three minarets. Simple design , its present plan consists of an open courtyard (patio ) surrounded by four riwaqs, the most important being the riwaq Qibla . There are a number of wooden plaques bearing Byzantine carvings of leaves, and partially enclosed column is believed to have been miraculously transported from Mecca on the orders of Muhammad himself . There are many other ancient legions related to the Mosque.
Amr Mosque was not only a place of worship but also served as a court settlement of civil and religious disputes. In addition, academic circles have been organized either for general religious preaching or teaching in Quranic sciences, jurisprudence and the Tradition of the Prophet Muhammad ( Hadith ) as well as letters lessons.
The mosque incorporates elements of Greek and Roman buildings, and has 150 white marble columns and three minarets. Simple design , its present plan consists of an open courtyard (patio ) surrounded by four riwaqs, the most important being the riwaq Qibla . There are a number of wooden plaques bearing Byzantine carvings of leaves, and partially enclosed column is believed to have been miraculously transported from Mecca on the orders of Muhammad himself . There are many other ancient legions related to the Mosque.
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